VS2017/2019 无法打开包括文件: “dirent.h”: No such file or directory
1 “dirent.h”: No such file or directory 在windows下的VS2017/2019编译器中，发现无法打开“dirent.h”，主要是MSVC并没有实现这个头文件，但是在Linux这个头文件肯定是有的。为此，有人已经写出了WIndows下可用的 “dirent.h”。
这是github地址，也可以从这里下载，你只需要这个头文件即可 https://github.com/tronkko/dirent
2 只需要把下面的代码保存dirent.h即可，直接放在工程目录下。
/** Dirent interface for Microsoft Visual Studio** Copyright (C) 1998-2019 Toni Ronkko* This file is part of dirent. Dirent may be freely distributed* under the MIT license. For all details and documentation, see* https://github.com/tronkko/dirent*/#ifndef DIRENT_H#define DIRENT_H/* Hide warnings about unreferenced local functions */#if defined(__clang__)# pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"#elif defined(_MSC_VER)# pragma warning(disable:4505)#elif defined(__GNUC__)# pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"#endif/** Include windows.h without Windows Sockets 1.1 to prevent conflicts with* Windows Sockets 2.0.*/#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN#endif#include <windows.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdarg.h>#include <wchar.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <malloc.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <errno.h>/* Indicates that d_type field is available in dirent structure */#define _DIRENT_HAVE_D_TYPE/* Indicates that d_namlen field is available in dirent structure */#define _DIRENT_HAVE_D_NAMLEN/* Entries missing from MSVC 6.0 */#if !defined(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)# define FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE 0x40#endif/* File type and permission flags for stat(), general mask */#if !defined(S_IFMT)# define S_IFMT _S_IFMT#endif/* Directory bit */#if !defined(S_IFDIR)# define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR#endif/* Character device bit */#if !defined(S_IFCHR)# define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR#endif/* Pipe bit */#if !defined(S_IFFIFO)# define S_IFFIFO _S_IFFIFO#endif/* Regular file bit */#if !defined(S_IFREG)# define S_IFREG _S_IFREG#endif/* Read permission */#if !defined(S_IREAD)# define S_IREAD _S_IREAD#endif/* Write permission */#if !defined(S_IWRITE)# define S_IWRITE _S_IWRITE#endif/* Execute permission */#if !defined(S_IEXEC)# define S_IEXEC _S_IEXEC#endif/* Pipe */#if !defined(S_IFIFO)# define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO#endif/* Block device */#if !defined(S_IFBLK)# define S_IFBLK 0#endif/* Link */#if !defined(S_IFLNK)# define S_IFLNK 0#endif/* Socket */#if !defined(S_IFSOCK)# define S_IFSOCK 0#endif/* Read user permission */#if !defined(S_IRUSR)# define S_IRUSR S_IREAD#endif/* Write user permission */#if !defined(S_IWUSR)# define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE#endif/* Execute user permission */#if !defined(S_IXUSR)# define S_IXUSR 0#endif/* Read group permission */#if !defined(S_IRGRP)# define S_IRGRP 0#endif/* Write group permission */#if !defined(S_IWGRP)# define S_IWGRP 0#endif/* Execute group permission */#if !defined(S_IXGRP)# define S_IXGRP 0#endif/* Read others permission */#if !defined(S_IROTH)# define S_IROTH 0#endif/* Write others permission */#if !defined(S_IWOTH)# define S_IWOTH 0#endif/* Execute others permission */#if !defined(S_IXOTH)# define S_IXOTH 0#endif/* Maximum length of file name */#if !defined(PATH_MAX)# define PATH_MAX MAX_PATH#endif#if !defined(FILENAME_MAX)# define FILENAME_MAX MAX_PATH#endif# !defined(NAME_MAX)# define NAME_MAX FILENAME_MAX#endif/* File type flags for d_type */#define DT_UNKNOWN 0#define DT_REG S_IFREG#define DT_DIR S_IFDIR#define DT_FIFO S_IFIFO#define DT_SOCK S_IFSOCK#define DT_CHR S_IFCHR#define DT_BLK S_IFBLK#define DT_LNK S_IFLNK/* Macros for converting between st_mode and d_type */#define IFTODT(mode) ((mode) & S_IFMT)#define DTTOIF(type) (type)/** File type macros. Note that block devices, sockets and links cannot be* distinguished on Windows and the macros S_ISBLK, S_ISSOCK and S_ISLNK are* only defined for compatibility. These macros should always return false* on Windows.*/#if !defined(S_ISFIFO)# define S_ISFIFO(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)#endif#if !defined(S_ISDIR)# define S_ISDIR(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)#endif#if !defined(S_ISREG)# define S_ISREG(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)#endif#if !defined(S_ISLNK)# define S_ISLNK(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)#endif#if !defined(S_ISSOCK)# define S_ISSOCK(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK)#endif#if !defined(S_ISCHR)# define S_ISCHR(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)#endif#if !defined(S_ISBLK)# define S_ISBLK(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)#endif/* Return the exact length of the file name without zero terminator */#define _D_EXACT_NAMLEN(p) ((p)->d_namlen)/* Return the maximum size of a file name */#define _D_ALLOC_NAMLEN(p) ((PATH_MAX)+1)#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endif/* Wide-character version */struct _wdirent {/* Always zero */long d_ino;/* File position within stream */long d_off;/* Structure size */unsigned short d_reclen;/* Length of name without \0 */size_t d_namlen;/* File type */int d_type;/* File name */wchar_t d_name[PATH_MAX+1];};typedef struct _wdirent _wdirent;struct _WDIR {/* Current directory entry */struct _wdirent ent;/* Private file data */WIN32_FIND_DATAW data;/* True if data is valid */int cached;/* Win32 search handle */HANDLE handle;/* Initial directory name */wchar_t *patt;};typedef struct _WDIR _WDIR;/* Multi-byte character version */struct dirent {/* Always zero */long d_ino;/* File position within stream */long d_off;/* Structure size */unsigned short d_reclen;/* Length of name without \0 */size_t d_namlen;/* File type */int d_type;/* File name */char d_name[PATH_MAX+1];};typedef struct dirent dirent;struct DIR {struct dirent ent;struct _WDIR *wdirp;};typedef struct DIR DIR;/* Dirent functions */static DIR *opendir (const char *dirname);static _WDIR *_wopendir (const wchar_t *dirname);static struct dirent *readdir (DIR *dirp);static struct _wdirent *_wreaddir (_WDIR *dirp);static int readdir_r(DIR *dirp, struct dirent *entry, struct dirent **result);static int _wreaddir_r(_WDIR *dirp, struct _wdirent *entry, struct _wdirent **result);static int closedir (DIR *dirp);static int _wclosedir (_WDIR *dirp);static void rewinddir (DIR* dirp);static void _wrewinddir (_WDIR* dirp);static int scandir (const char *dirname, struct dirent ***namelist,int (*filter)(const struct dirent*),int (*compare)(const struct dirent**, const struct dirent**));static int alphasort (const struct dirent **a, const struct dirent **b);static int versionsort (const struct dirent **a, const struct dirent **b);/* For compatibility with Symbian */#define wdirent _wdirent#define WDIR _WDIR#define wopendir _wopendir#define wreaddir _wreaddir#define wclosedir _wclosedir#define wrewinddir _wrewinddir/* Internal utility functions */static WIN32_FIND_DATAW *dirent_first (_WDIR *dirp);static WIN32_FIND_DATAW *dirent_next (_WDIR *dirp);static int dirent_mbstowcs_s(size_t *pReturnValue,wchar_t *wcstr,size_t sizeInWords,const char *mbstr,size_t count);static int dirent_wcstombs_s(size_t *pReturnValue,char *mbstr,size_t sizeInBytes,const wchar_t *wcstr,size_t count);static void dirent_set_errno (int error);/** Open directory stream DIRNAME for read and return a pointer to the* internal working area that is used to retrieve individual directory* entries.*/static _WDIR*_wopendir(const wchar_t *dirname){_WDIR *dirp;#if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_DESKTOP)/* Desktop */DWORD n;#else/* WinRT */size_t n;#endifwchar_t *p;/* Must have directory name */if (dirname == NULL || dirname[0] == '\0') {dirent_set_errno (ENOENT);return NULL;}/* Allocate new _WDIR structure */dirp = (_WDIR*) malloc (sizeof (struct _WDIR));if (!dirp) {return NULL;}/* Reset _WDIR structure */dirp->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;dirp->patt = NULL;dirp->cached = 0;/** Compute the length of full path plus zero terminator** Note that on WinRT there's no way to convert relative paths* into absolute paths, so just assume it is an absolute path.*/#if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_DESKTOP)/* Desktop */n = GetFullPathNameW (dirname, 0, NULL, NULL);#else/* WinRT */n = wcslen (dirname);#endif/* Allocate room for absolute directory name and search pattern */dirp->patt = (wchar_t*) malloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * n + 16);if (dirp->patt == NULL) {goto exit_closedir;}/** Convert relative directory name to an absolute one. This* allows rewinddir() to function correctly even when current* working directory is changed between opendir() and rewinddir().** Note that on WinRT there's no way to convert relative paths* into absolute paths, so just assume it is an absolute path.*/#if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_DESKTOP)/* Desktop */n = GetFullPathNameW (dirname, n, dirp->patt, NULL);if (n <= 0) {goto exit_closedir;}#else/* WinRT */wcsncpy_s (dirp->patt, n+1, dirname, n);#endif/* Append search pattern \* to the directory name */p = dirp->patt + n;switch (p[-1]) {case '\\':case '/':case ':':/* Directory ends in path separator, e.g. c:\temp\ *//*NOP*/;break;default:/* Directory name doesn't end in path separator */*p++ = '\\';}*p++ = '*';*p = '\0';/* Open directory stream and retrieve the first entry */if (!dirent_first (dirp)) {goto exit_closedir;}/* Success */return dirp;/* Failure */exit_closedir:_wclosedir (dirp);return NULL;}/** Read next directory entry.** Returns pointer to static directory entry which may be overwritten by* subsequent calls to _wreaddir().*/static struct _wdirent*_wreaddir(_WDIR *dirp){struct _wdirent *entry;/** Read directory entry to buffer. We can safely ignore the return value* as entry will be set to NULL in case of error.*/(void) _wreaddir_r (dirp, &dirp->ent, &entry);/* Return pointer to statically allocated directory entry */return entry;}/** Read next directory entry.** Returns zero on success. If end of directory stream is reached, then sets* result to NULL and returns zero.*/static int_wreaddir_r(_WDIR *dirp,struct _wdirent *entry,struct _wdirent **result){WIN32_FIND_DATAW *datap;/* Read next directory entry */datap = dirent_next (dirp);if (datap) {size_t n;DWORD attr;/** Copy file name as wide-character string. If the file name is too* long to fit in to the destination buffer, then truncate file name* to PATH_MAX characters and zero-terminate the buffer.*/n = 0;while (n < PATH_MAX && datap->cFileName[n] != 0) {entry->d_name[n] = datap->cFileName[n];n++;}entry->d_name[n] = 0;/* Length of file name excluding zero terminator */entry->d_namlen = n;/* File type */attr = datap->dwFileAttributes;if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE) != 0) {entry->d_type = DT_CHR;} else if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0) {entry->d_type = DT_DIR;} else {entry->d_type = DT_REG;}/* Reset dummy fields */entry->d_ino = 0;entry->d_off = 0;entry->d_reclen = sizeof (struct _wdirent);/* Set result address */*result = entry;} else {/* Return NULL to indicate end of directory */*result = NULL;}return /*OK*/0;}/** Close directory stream opened by opendir() function. This invalidates the* DIR structure as well as any directory entry read previously by* _wreaddir().*/static int_wclosedir(_WDIR *dirp){int ok;if (dirp) {/* Release search handle */if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {FindClose (dirp->handle);}/* Release search pattern */free (dirp->patt);/* Release directory structure */free (dirp);ok = /*success*/0;} else {/* Invalid directory stream */dirent_set_errno (EBADF);ok = /*failure*/-1;}return ok;}/** Rewind directory stream such that _wreaddir() returns the very first* file name again.*/static void_wrewinddir(_WDIR* dirp){if (dirp) {/* Release existing search handle */if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {FindClose (dirp->handle);}/* Open new search handle */dirent_first (dirp);}}/* Get first directory entry (internal) */static WIN32_FIND_DATAW*dirent_first(_WDIR *dirp){WIN32_FIND_DATAW *datap;DWORD error;/* Open directory and retrieve the first entry */dirp->handle = FindFirstFileExW(dirp->patt, FindExInfoStandard, &dirp->data,FindExSearchNameMatch, NULL, 0);if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {/* a directory entry is now waiting in memory */datap = &dirp->data;dirp->cached = 1;} else {/* Failed to open directory: no directory entry in memory */dirp->cached = 0;datap = NULL;/* Set error code */error = GetLastError ();switch (error) {case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:/* No read access to directory */dirent_set_errno (EACCES);break;case ERROR_DIRECTORY:/* Directory name is invalid */dirent_set_errno (ENOTDIR);break;case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:default:/* Cannot find the file */dirent_set_errno (ENOENT);}}return datap;}/** Get next directory entry (internal).** Returns*/static WIN32_FIND_DATAW*dirent_next(_WDIR *dirp){WIN32_FIND_DATAW *p;/* Get next directory entry */if (dirp->cached != 0) {/* A valid directory entry already in memory */p = &dirp->data;dirp->cached = 0;} else if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {/* Get the next directory entry from stream */if (FindNextFileW (dirp->handle, &dirp->data) != FALSE) {/* Got a file */p = &dirp->data;} else {/* The very last entry has been processed or an error occurred */FindClose (dirp->handle);dirp->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;p = NULL;}} else {/* End of directory stream reached */p = NULL;}return p;}/** Open directory stream using plain old C-string.*/static DIR*opendir(const char *dirname){struct DIR *dirp;/* Must have directory name */if (dirname == NULL || dirname[0] == '\0') {dirent_set_errno (ENOENT);return NULL;}/* Allocate memory for DIR structure */dirp = (DIR*) malloc (sizeof (struct DIR));if (!dirp) {return NULL;}{int error;wchar_t wname[PATH_MAX + 1];size_t n;/* Convert directory name to wide-character string */error = dirent_mbstowcs_s(&n, wname, PATH_MAX + 1, dirname, PATH_MAX + 1);if (error) {/** Cannot convert file name to wide-character string. This* occurs if the string contains invalid multi-byte sequences or* the output buffer is too small to contain the resulting* string.*/goto exit_free;}/* Open directory stream using wide-character name */dirp->wdirp = _wopendir (wname);if (!dirp->wdirp) {goto exit_free;}}/* Success */return dirp;/* Failure */exit_free:free (dirp);return NULL;}/** Read next directory entry.*/static struct dirent*readdir(DIR *dirp){struct dirent *entry;/** Read directory entry to buffer. We can safely ignore the return value* as entry will be set to NULL in case of error.*/(void) readdir_r (dirp, &dirp->ent, &entry);/* Return pointer to statically allocated directory entry */return entry;}/** Read next directory entry into called-allocated buffer.** Returns zero on success. If the end of directory stream is reached, then* sets result to NULL and returns zero.*/static intreaddir_r(DIR *dirp,struct dirent *entry,struct dirent **result){WIN32_FIND_DATAW *datap;/* Read next directory entry */datap = dirent_next (dirp->wdirp);if (datap) {size_t n;int error;/* Attempt to convert file name to multi-byte string */error = dirent_wcstombs_s(&n, entry->d_name, PATH_MAX + 1, datap->cFileName, PATH_MAX + 1);/** If the file name cannot be represented by a multi-byte string,* then attempt to use old 8+3 file name. This allows traditional* Unix-code to access some file names despite of unicode* characters, although file names may seem unfamiliar to the user.** Be ware that the code below cannot come up with a short file* name unless the file system provides one. At least* VirtualBox shared folders fail to do this.*/if (error && datap->cAlternateFileName[0] != '\0') {error = dirent_wcstombs_s(&n, entry->d_name, PATH_MAX + 1,datap->cAlternateFileName, PATH_MAX + 1);}if (!error) {DWORD attr;/* Length of file name excluding zero terminator */entry->d_namlen = n - 1;/* File attributes */attr = datap->dwFileAttributes;if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE) != 0) {entry->d_type = DT_CHR;} else if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0) {entry->d_type = DT_DIR;} else {entry->d_type = DT_REG;}/* Reset dummy fields */entry->d_ino = 0;entry->d_off = 0;entry->d_reclen = sizeof (struct dirent);} else {/** Cannot convert file name to multi-byte string so construct* an erroneous directory entry and return that. Note that* we cannot return NULL as that would stop the processing* of directory entries completely.*/entry->d_name[0] = '?';entry->d_name[1] = '\0';entry->d_namlen = 1;entry->d_type = DT_UNKNOWN;entry->d_ino = 0;entry->d_off = -1;entry->d_reclen = 0;}/* Return pointer to directory entry */*result = entry;} else {/* No more directory entries */*result = NULL;}return /*OK*/0;}/** Close directory stream.*/static intclosedir(DIR *dirp){int ok;if (dirp) {/* Close wide-character directory stream */ok = _wclosedir (dirp->wdirp);dirp->wdirp = NULL;/* Release multi-byte character version */free (dirp);} else {/* Invalid directory stream */dirent_set_errno (EBADF);ok = /*failure*/-1;}return ok;}/** Rewind directory stream to beginning.*/static voidrewinddir(DIR* dirp){/* Rewind wide-character string directory stream */_wrewinddir (dirp->wdirp);}/** Scan directory for entries.*/static intscandir(const char *dirname,struct dirent ***namelist,int (*filter)(const struct dirent*),int (*compare)(const struct dirent**, const struct dirent**)){struct dirent **files = NULL;size_t size = 0;size_t allocated = 0;const size_t init_size = 1;DIR *dir = NULL;struct dirent *entry;struct dirent *tmp = NULL;size_t i;int result = 0;/* Open directory stream */dir = opendir (dirname);if (dir) {/* Read directory entries to memory */while (1) {/* Enlarge pointer table to make room for another pointer */if (size >= allocated) {void *p;size_t num_entries;/* Compute number of entries in the enlarged pointer table */if (size < init_size) {/* Allocate initial pointer table */num_entries = init_size;} else {/* Double the size */num_entries = size * 2;}/* Allocate first pointer table or enlarge existing table */p = realloc (files, sizeof (void*) * num_entries);if (p != NULL) {/* Got the memory */files = (dirent**) p;allocated = num_entries;} else {/* Out of memory */result = -1;break;}}/* Allocate room for temporary directory entry */if (tmp == NULL) {tmp = (struct dirent*) malloc (sizeof (struct dirent));if (tmp == NULL) {/* Cannot allocate temporary directory entry */result = -1;break;}}/* Read directory entry to temporary area */if (readdir_r (dir, tmp, &entry) == /*OK*/0) {/* Did we get an entry? */if (entry != NULL) {int pass;/* Determine whether to include the entry in result */if (filter) {/* Let the filter function decide */pass = filter (tmp);} else {/* No filter function, include everything */pass = 1;}if (pass) {/* Store the temporary entry to pointer table */files[size++] = tmp;tmp = NULL;/* Keep up with the number of files */result++;}} else {/** End of directory stream reached => sort entries and* exit.*/qsort (files, size, sizeof (void*),(int (*) (const void*, const void*)) compare);break;}} else {/* Error reading directory entry */result = /*Error*/ -1;break;}}} else {/* Cannot open directory */result = /*Error*/ -1;}/* Release temporary directory entry */free (tmp);/* Release allocated memory on error */if (result < 0) {for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {free (files[i]);}free (files);files = NULL;}/* Close directory stream */if (dir) {closedir (dir);}/* Pass pointer table to caller */if (namelist) {*namelist = files;}return result;}/* Alphabetical sorting */static intalphasort(const struct dirent **a, const struct dirent **b){return strcoll ((*a)->d_name, (*b)->d_name);}/* Sort versions */static intversionsort(const struct dirent **a, const struct dirent **b){/* FIXME: implement strverscmp and use that */return alphasort (a, b);}/* Convert multi-byte string to wide character string */static intdirent_mbstowcs_s(size_t *pReturnValue,wchar_t *wcstr,size_t sizeInWords,const char *mbstr,size_t count){int error;#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400/* Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 or later */error = mbstowcs_s (pReturnValue, wcstr, sizeInWords, mbstr, count);#else/* Older Visual Studio or non-Microsoft compiler */size_t n;/* Convert to wide-character string (or count characters) */n = mbstowcs (wcstr, mbstr, sizeInWords);if (!wcstr || n < count) {/* Zero-terminate output buffer */if (wcstr && sizeInWords) {if (n >= sizeInWords) {n = sizeInWords - 1;}wcstr[n] = 0;}/* Length of resulting multi-byte string WITH zero terminator */if (pReturnValue) {*pReturnValue = n + 1;}/* Success */error = 0;} else {/* Could not convert string */error = 1;}#endifreturn error;}/* Convert wide-character string to multi-byte string */static intdirent_wcstombs_s(size_t *pReturnValue,char *mbstr,size_t sizeInBytes, /* max size of mbstr */const wchar_t *wcstr,size_t count){int error;#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400/* Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 or later */error = wcstombs_s (pReturnValue, mbstr, sizeInBytes, wcstr, count);#else/* Older Visual Studio or non-Microsoft compiler */size_t n;/* Convert to multi-byte string (or count the number of bytes needed) */n = wcstombs (mbstr, wcstr, sizeInBytes);if (!mbstr || n < count) {/* Zero-terminate output buffer */if (mbstr && sizeInBytes) {if (n >= sizeInBytes) {n = sizeInBytes - 1;}mbstr[n] = '\0';}/* Length of resulting multi-bytes string WITH zero-terminator */if (pReturnValue) {*pReturnValue = n + 1;}/* Success */error = 0;} else {/* Cannot convert string */error = 1;}#endifreturn error;}/* Set errno variable */static voiddirent_set_errno(int error){#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400/* Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 and later */_set_errno (error);#else/* Non-Microsoft compiler or older Microsoft compiler */errno = error;#endif}#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif#endif /*DIRENT_H*/
